Analysis the Watsons company free essay sample

The new era is changing the business environment and competition mechanism, this report follows management theory as a guide, analysis Watsons current situation, external factors and internal factors, etc. Pointed out problems in Watsons management, proposed countermeasures, finally recommendations and summarized. 2. 0 Introduction 2. 1 Watsons Group Each week, millions of customers in 13 countries and regions, more than 8,400 Watsons stores, employing over 98,000 staffs. As Asias leading health and beauty chain store dates back to 1828, when the Canton Dispensary was first founded as a clinic to provide free medical aid to the poor family in Canton province, China. In 1981, Sir. Li Ka-shing’s Hutchison Whampoa Company have been acquired A. S. Watson Group (Hong Kong) Ltd. , since then, Watsons relied on a strong economic strength and flexible business philosophy, Watsons’s rapid rise in Asia. Developing to today, Watsons business, including health care products, beauty products, perfumes, cosmetics, food, drinks, electronic products, wine and airport retail business. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis the Watsons company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, Watsons become a well-known retail brands. 2. 2 Watsons Singapore Watsons Personal Care Store made its foray into the Singapore market in April 1988 at Marina Square. Watsons’s first pharmacy counter at Ngee Ann City in 2003, Watsons has since expanded rapidly through this few years. Today, Watsons Singapore has 112 stores and 31 pharmacy counters located within its key stores, more than 650 employees service Singapore market. 2. 3 Financial performance For 2011, Watsons Asia area retail turnover is 16. 857 billion Hong Kong dollars, among Singapore market contribute was 7% of turnover, compared with 2010, down 1%, but operating income increased to 34. 71 million Hong Kong dollars (about 6. 94 million Singapore dollars). 2. 4 Key Challenges Watsons as a famous personal care brand in Asia-Pacific area, especially in Singapore and Southeast Asia, the main challenge is competitions. Because in Singapore, Watsons personal care store’s biggest competitor is â€Å"Guardian†, the main business of the two companies are the same, Guardian pursuit differentiated services to customers, but Watsons has very strong economic support, Watsons can choose very good location to run their business, that is difficult to achieve for Guardian Singapore. 3. 0 Environmental Analysis 3. 1 External analysis 3. 1. 1 PEST analysis Political Singapore as a member of World Trade Organization (WTO), Singapore Government encourage foreign excellent company entry to Singapore to set their business, Singapore Economic Development Board promised foreign companies have preferential tax rate of 5% -10%, the maximum term of 10 years or 20 years. Singapore Government has the most comprehensive legal system, the Singapore Government provide â€Å"Investment protection plan† to foreign company in some special business areas, also Singapore as financial center in Asia, the Government will be provide financial support to foreign technology company. Economic Singapore is one of Asias leading developed country, Singapore residents per capita income was $ 40,070 in 2011, ranked 29th in the world, on the residents’ life expenditure side, Food accounted for 22%, Clothing Footwear accounted for 3%, Health care accounted for 6%. Thus, in life expenditure side, the residents pay 30% as their basic expenditure. Follow this data, we can see the market of personal care potential is huge, in todays personal care market, foreign enterprises have become the industry leader, in the past few years, there are not few local enterprises to get involved in field of personal care stores. Also, Singapore Government released population White Paper, the Government is expected to 2020, Singapores total population of 5. 8 million to 6 million, the market demand will increase. Therefore, the performance of the market forces and economic feedback will be better. Social The structure of household chemicals from basic daily consumption shift to personalized consumption. In the era of personalized consumer, consumers pay more attention to the psychological needs, their psychological feelings to decide it is reasonable to measure consumer behavior and attractive of the goods. Watsons has a good corporate image in Singapore. For example, â€Å"Watsons Singapore has recently announced its official fight against breast cancer—the No. 1 cancer killer in Singapore. † Watsons Singapore held various public service activities every year, to build good corporate social image. Thus, to obtain the support and loyalty of many customers, peoples lifestyles and consumer attitudes are changing; promote the consumption of personal care and health. Technological Environment from a technical point of view, sustainable development is a source of technological innovation, environmental protection and energy-saving ideas, promote Watsons own products to technological innovation, in the future, Cosmetics and health care products industry must focus on core competitiveness are scientific and technological content of products. Cosmetics and health products industry will become a new industry of life science applications. Therefore, expand product development capabilities, technology innovation, are one of the important factors. Porter 5 forces Bargaining power of buyers Consumers are usually dispersed, we will be divided consumer into three types. First type, some consumers may just walk around, second type, concerned about the price consumers, third type, really need to buy products consumers. Modern consumers need high-class service, in today of information transparency, compare price is very convenience, thus, they are main reasons for consumer bargain. Bargaining power of Suppliers There are many Watsons’s branch stores in the world; Watsons can be a lot of stock to reduce the purchase price. And Watsons’s own brands are ordered directly from the manufacturer of the product with lowest price, also the price is lower than other same products by other brands. Threat of new entrants For personal care market, low requirement to entry market and high profits, attract many related companies joined the possibility is very high. Simultaneously, more and more competitors use low prices strategy to attract consumers, such as online make up store, small shopping center. In addition to the low-price strategy, but Watsons after-sales service to strengthen its market position. Threat of substitute products or services Even though other personal care stores sell same products, may other store provide professional purchasing guides, but compare with price and quality of products or other reasons, all can affect consumer wishes, thus may have threats of substitute products and services. Rivalry among existing competitors The chain of personal care stores rapid growth in the market; also it has high profits, thus, the same industry companies by providing differentiated products, so as to compete with the competitors. For example, Watsons focus on after-sales service, Guardian focus on differentiation of products and services, other small cosmetic stores focus on category of cosmetics, but Watsons is a combination of department stores and cosmetics. 3. 2 Internal analysis 3. 2. 1 Tangible Financial resource Watsons Singapore is a member of A. S. Watsons Group under Sir. Li Ka-shing’s Hutchison Whampoa Limited, the parent company supports the development of Watsons in financial side. At the same time, Watsons Group itself has a lot of money, in 2011, Watsons total revenue of more than 170 billion Hong Kong dollars (about 34 billion Singapore dollars). Physical assets For Watsons personal care store, the company choose purchase floor area or rent long-term (5 years to 20 years). Worker In Watsons Singapore, it has about 650 employees, most of the Watsons staffs are full-time job, and Watson hired a few part-time employees, Watsons according to the area of the shop to equipped employees. 3. 2. 2 Intangible Reputation The most important is reputation for a company, consumers tend to buy products or services from a firm that is held in high regard, many customers are even willing to pay more for that firms recognizable brand. Reputation reduces uncertainty and risk. Watsons has very higher brand equity and reputation, consumers more readily to accept this brand, believe products quality from brand. Technology Watson has its own brand products, also has a large professional research development team, RD team keep up with customer demand, in all aspects demonstrated its ability of innovate. Human capital Watson said the talent is main reason to the success. Company to attract and cultivate large quantities of high quality, high potential and talents willing grow with the company. Watson through external recruitment, internal succession planning, high performance training plan and core staff development plan to achieve the companys human resources strategy. Watsons’s employees are more understanding and familiarity for Watson own brand products and other brands products, employees are more professional than other personal care stores. 4. 0 Management function Planning and strategizing Watsons current situation is grim, the main competitor Guardian has 153  personal care stores, Watsons only 112 stores, and advantage of opponent in the number of stores, but Guardian’s location is near MRT stations, in the shopping mall. In the future, Watsons personal care stores more focus on development in the community, community-based personal care stores emphasize timeliness, breadth, convenience, etc. through these advantages to occupy more market share. At the same time, in the next 5 years, Watsons personal care store need to set new stores to 200 locations, expand the proportion of own-brand products in the sale of products. 4. 2 Organizing Watsons organizational structure is biased towards the analysis style structure. According to the different types of stores, with different products and staff, the financial staff will come to each store to collect data, also the manager of store will report the detail to Watsons company each month, Watsons have detail of operation process, to whom to report problem, etc.   Leading Leadership is through effective communication and incentives to allow members to work hard to achieve the target, effectively motivate for each member, and effectively resolve various contradictions and conflicts that may arise. In Watsons personal care store, usually a manager on duty, led 2 to 4 staffs, in some larger personal care store has a manager with 2 directors, and 2 directors led 4 to 8 staffs. This fitting manner, let every thing has staff to do, improve the work efficiency, but does not assign specific tasks to each staff, each staff should understand the workflow. Can do best self, also can cooperate with other staff.   Controlling Controlling is the process of tracking actual work, and compares plan process, identify problems and promptly corrected, in order to ensure the effective implementation of the project plan. Managers cannot shirk the responsibility to subordinates, this is the absolute principle in Watsons. As a manager, when the allocations of tasks, the employees have responsibility, manager also bear the same responsibility, final is managers responsibility, even though should be given to employees to complete the task independently space, but that does not mean you can be irresponsible, in order to promote and ensure that employees have to complete the task, also need to give timely guidance, support, incentives and checks. Watson is a successful company, but it is not perfect. Visited Watsons retail stores and websites in few days, there are some suggestions will response. The lack of talent Competition in the market is brand competition, brand competition is the product competition, and product competition is the talent competition. In the future development plan, Watsons will open more stores in Singapore, therefore, the Watsons need more talent to achieve it, but talents are limited, Watsons can cooperate with university or college, invite related course graduates join Watsons when they finish university degree. Monitoring the quality of Watsons own brand products In the past two years, Watsons own brand products accounted 21% of the market shares in merchandise sales. The quality of products is most important in today, Watsons own brand products from the OEM factories, thus, how to guarantee the quality of the of the product is one of problems. Therefore, Watsons should be dispatched working group to the factory to monitor workflow to ensure quality of products. Actively maintain existing markets Watsons Singapore as A.S. Watsons Group early overseas market, even though the market is saturated today, but Watsons need to innovative service concept, actively consolidating market share. 6. 0 Conclusion Watsons reputation, excellent service and company image, enhance consumer loyalty. Watson may actively use its own brand in the future, improving product quality and other ways to strengthen the image of the enterprise itself. More important is the intimate service for consumers, improve customer trust for Watsons.

Nurses Role In Vietnam Essays - Nursing, , Term Papers

Nurse's Role In Vietnam On March 15, 1965, large shipments of troops arrived in South Vietnam. These troops occupied the country until 1973. During this time, many men fought and died for the United States of America. The numerous nurses that operated on thousands of soldiers are often forgotten. The soldiers that the nurses operated on were usually blown apart and crippled for life. The nurses worked diligently to save these men. Even by working hard to save these men they were not recognized as army personnel by the public. The Vietnamese citizens and even the male American soldiers looked down upon the nurses. The United States did not acknowledge the nurses that served in the Vietnam War until 1993. The nurses that served in the Vietnam War, although commonly unrecognized, served as bravely as their soldier counterparts, and some suffered much of the same mental and physical distress. The nurses were not considered actual army personal. They were bothered by the Vietnamese street peddlers. In one incident, as a nurse was walking home, two boys asked for money. The nurses said no, as was army policy, and kept on walking. The boys then smeared black shoe polish on her dress, legs, and shoes (Smith 59). These same boys would not even consider harassing a male officer, for fear of being put in prison or even killed. Acts such as these were common because he nurses were not able to defend themselves. The nurses were sometimes treated sometimes treated similarly by male soldiers. One example took place when a nurse was walking to the hospital for her Little 2 shift. My uniform was a joke, thanks to the driver who though that it would be funny to splash me with his jeep (Smith 161). The soldiers would seldom do this to the other men in the armed forces for fear of being punished. The men did not worry about being punished when doing things to the nurses, knowing that they would never suffer any consequences. The attitudes of the men were completely different when the women went into a bar. The soldiers and generals would invite the nurses to parties and treat them nice; but, their sole purpose would be to sleep with them (Marshall 252). The officers should have treated the nurses with respect. The most severe instance in which the male officers showed that they did not recognize the nurse as army personnel was in two cases in which nurses were murdered (Marshall 23). This should not have been tolerated. The two soldiers did not even receive severe repercussions, one was court-marshaled and the other had nothing had nothing happen to him. I f these soldiers murdered male soldiers they would have been court-marshaled and possibly received the death penalty. Aside from the Vietnamese people and the army personnel, the army as a whole did not consider the nurses important. The Vietcong pounded the airbase with mortars most of the night, and the security at the hospital was not even tightened (Smith 171). This is another case in which the nurses were not considered important enough to protect. Also, there were almost no feminine products for women to buy at the Post Exchange, a military bases department store (Marshall 42). The male officers could buy anything from playing cards to clothes, but females had to do with what they had. The nurses were also absent from absent form Hollywood screen. Women were never shown in movies Little 3 because hospitals were not considered action packed enough for filming. This further made Vietnam seem like a place were only men served. It would remain that way for the next nineteen years after the war. The women who served went unnoticed until November of 1993. A lady by the name of Diane Evans fought for many years to obtain a monument for women at the Vietnam War Memorial. One response to a letter that she wrote was the wall contains the names of eight service women who were killed in the conflict, so no additional monument was needed (Evans 90). Finally, after a hard fought battle, a monument was created for the nursed that were in Vietnam. Although the nurses were given little credit fir

Critique Of Andrew Abbott Essays - Andrew Abbott,

Critique Of Andrew Abbott Part A: Summary Introduction: Andrew Abbott's book, The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labour contains a mix of comparative historical analysis and current evaluation, which is assembled within an analytical model that looks at professions from the viewpoint of their jurisdictions, the tasks they do, the expert knowledge needed for those tasks, and how competitive forces internally and externally work to change both the jurisdictions and the tasks. Abbott attempts to show that professions are interdependent systems, containing internal structures. He accomplishes this task by means of analyzing the emergence of modern professions and their relationships with each other cooperatively and competitively. Section I: Work, Jurisdiction, and Competition Abbott's book takes on an individualistic direction in its inception then moves to a more systematic view of professions. Modern studies of formal professions began with the rise of the discipline of social sciences in the 19th century. In the beginning, scholars debated about the theoretical interpretations of professionalism. There was a split between proponents of functionalist and monopolistic approaches. However, academics on both sides agreed, ?that a profession was an occupational group with some special skill? (Abbott 1988: 7). Abbott mentions that there have been four different perspectives that have sought to interpret professionalization, a functional, structural, monopolistic, and a cultural view. Abbott states that the tasks of professions are to provide expert service to amend human problems (Abbott 1988: 33). These problems can be objective, in that they originate naturally or through technological imperatives. Problems can also be subjective, whereby they are imposed by society or a culture either from the present or past. Abbott argues that the ?real difference between the objective and subjective qualities of problems is a difference in amenability to cultural work? (Abbott 1988: 36). Abbott outlines that there are several types of objective foundations for professional tasks. Some being technological, some organizational, other sources of objective qualities lay in natural objects and facts, while others came from slow-changing cultural structures. Abbott also argues that a ?profession is always vulnerable to changes in the objective character of its central tasks? (Abbott 1988: 39). Besides the objective qualities, professional tasks also have subjective qualities, whi ch make them susceptible to change. Unlike objective tasks, change does not come from the vagaries of external forces, but from the ?activities of other professions impinge[ing] on the subjective qualities (Abbott 1988: 39). According to Abbott, three acts helped to embody the cultural logic of professional practice. The three subjective modalities being diagnosis, inference, and treatment. Diagnosis is the process wherein information is taken into the professional knowledge system, and treatment is wherein instruction is brought back out from it (Abbott 1988: 40). During the process of diagnosis, relevant information about the client is assembled into a picture of the client's needs. This picture is then categorized into a proper diagnostic category. This process consists of two sub-processes known as colligation and classification. ?Colligation is the first step in which the professional knowledge system begins to structure the observed problems (Abbott 1988: 41). Colligation is the forming of a picture of the client, and consists primarily of ?rules declaring what kinds of evidence are relevant and irrelevant, valid and invalid, as well as rules specifying the admissible level of ambiguity (Abbott 198 8: 41). Classification is the referral of ?the colligated picture to the dictionary of professional legitimate problems? (Abbott 1988: 41). Colligation and classification help to define which type of problems fall under which body of profession, and specifically what kind of problem it is in that particular profession. Abbott mentions that sometimes problems of classification arise. For some problems are constantly shifting classifications, and fall under more than one classification, due to their defining traits. This may lead to intervention or competition by other professions who want to assimilate the unclear problem into their own professional repertoire (Abbott 1988: 44). The procedure of ?treatment is organized around a classification system and a brokering process,? whereby results are given to the client and prescription is offered (Abbott 1988: 44). One major problem associated with treatment is the client's willingness to accept treatment. A profession that adamantly forc es clients to take treatment risks losing clients to their competition who may be

Corporate Social Responsibility and Starbucks Primary Stakeholders Essay Example

Corporate Social Responsibility and Starbucks Primary Stakeholders Essay Example Corporate Social Responsibility and Starbucks Primary Stakeholders Paper Corporate Social Responsibility and Starbucks Primary Stakeholders Paper Case Content/Instructions 1. Introduce the organization/company, the case, and provide a brief history of the organization. 2. Provide a clear, concise statement of the problem(s)/issues(s). 3. Identify primary and secondary internal and external stakeholders affected, describe their stakes in the issue, analyze the situation for effect on these stakeholders, and describe the issues and impact from the stakeholders’ views. 4. Summarize the primary and secondary ethical issues(s) involved. . Describe the organization’s strategy in dealing with this issue(s), critique the strategy/actions taken, using facts from the course to defend your critique, and briefly state the outcomes the organization actually experienced †¦stock price, credibility, market share, management changes, residual stakeholder backlash, unresolved problems, etc. 6. State your conclusions and recommendations for other/more effective actions the company could have taken to produce better stakeholder outcomes. Support your argument with course facts/data/decision models/outside sources. 7. Each partner will write a one page summary of the case. 8. Prepare a presentation, 10 – 15 minutes (audience discussion after presentation). 2. (Include this with Starbucks having difficulties) Starbucks primary stakeholders are their employees, customers, shareholders, investors, suppliers, coffee farmers, local communities, and other business partners. Secondary stakeholders are media outlets, government, nviromentalist groups, and their competitors. . 5. Starbucks is using Corporate Social Responsibilty actions to tackle a lot of the issues they face. Starbucks defines CSR as conducting business in ways that produce social, environmental and economic benefits for the communities in which they operate and for the company’s stakeholders and shareholders. They have created internal structures to ensure that any emerging issues are recognized, prioritized, and addressed in a consistent way t hroughout the company. In response to the over consumption of water, they are in the process of installing buttons that will turn on the faucet instantly and momentarily. This will save approximatley 150 gallons of water per day in each store. Starbucks has also been named as one of the World’s Most Ethical Companies by Ethisphere Magazine. This is based off of their corporate citizenship and responsibility, corporate governance, innovation that contributes to public well being, leadership, and internal systems ethics/compliance program. Starbucks has also gave back to the communities they do business in and around the world. The last CSR report that was published in 2007, shows they gave approximatley 18. 01 million in philanthropic contributions. 2. Starbucks has been hit by the weakened economy as consumers are trying to cut back on their spending. It is much harder to draw in customers today that are willing to pay around $3 for a cup of coffee than before when the economy was booming. Fast food chains like McDonald’s are capitlizing on Starbuck’s â€Å"expensive† reputation by offering coffee products at a lesser cost. . In response to this, Starbucks is using a business-level strategic manaemetn strategy in order to compete back. They have introduced a new instant coffee called Starbucks Via, which is less than $1 a cup. This has expanded into many new markets, including airlines. They have expanded their menu in order to compete as well. You will now see â€Å"value meals† in their bistros. You can also order breakfast sandwiches, lunch items, and a wider selection of pastry items. 3. Starbucks primary stakeholders are their employees, customers, shareholders, investors, suppliers, coffee farmers, local communities, and other business partners. Secondary stakeholders are media outlets, government, enviromentalist groups, and their competitors. Sources http://business. timesonline. co. uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/leisure/article5240824. ece http://abcnews. go. com/International/SmartHome/story? id=5964908page=1 starbucks. com/aboutus/csrreport/Starbucks_CSR_FY2007. pdf http://cachef. ft. com/cms/s/2/aa9831ce-c266-11dd-a350-000077b07658. html

Short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short - Essay Example For an industry to succeed in a competitive market, it should focus on two common trainings, the general management training and functional training. The main aim of training is to offer cordial services which reflect friendly and warmth required in a highly competitive market. Training also maintains the image of self-assurance and influence in the employees’ mind. As per my understanding, in a commercial aviation, comprehensive training motivate the employees by providing them with information on the expectation of the industry, skills of handling passengers as well as the regulations that guides the operation in an industry. The second main motivator to my success in a competitive commercial aviation is the creation of high-performance service delivery team. A good number of aviation services require teamwork to necessitate the delivery of impeccable services to customers. Effectual teamwork in aviation industry in most cases facilitates skills and knowledge sharing among t eam members. On the other hand, I am also motivated to work in a competitive aviation industry by recognition and recompense for a mission well accomplished. Apt reward system forms the key policy for motivation in an industry. ... Explain. I am comfortable in working with students from different cultural, political, social, racial, and religion backgrounds. My past experiences have helped me in coming up with several ways of adopting with people from different backdrop. In my initial stage of coping with students from diverse background, I will create a conscious decision aimed at establishing tangible friendship. In developing a substantial friendship with people from different background, I will make sure that, I understand the cultural diversity of people in my presence. After identifying the existing background, I will place myself in a situation which will facilitate meetings with students from different cultural settings. Attending meetings, celebrations as well as looking for other resourceful means of meeting students from different background will assist me in interacting with many students from different cultural background. I will then identify the biasness and misconceptions relating to different c ultural background. To facilitate cordial relationship with people from different cultural backgrounds, the understanding of cultural misinformation is extremely crucial. The understanding of other student’s cultural misconception will help me in asking relevant question concerning their views, customs, and culture. To get a deep understanding on cultural background of different students, reviewing of their culture and history literature is also vital. On the other hand, to cope well with people from different cultural background, it is important to listen to other people history, show a sense of caring, understand different communication values and styles, make a risk of making mistakes as well as

Bauhaus and the Design School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bauhaus and the Design School - Essay Example The Bauhaus school of design underwent three different phases of development In the wake of World War I and all troubles it revealed there was a need to tap into the more rational aspects of everyday life. The sentiment was seized upon by famed architect Walter Gropius who opened the school in Wiemar. Gropius in a way was forwarding the area where Germany would seek an advantage in production, that is by producing common place article with an artistic aesthetic and remaining competitive relative to other economies with more resources. Whether this was the intention of Gropius and the early architects of Bauhaus is not entirely clear but it is perhaps specious to separate the Zeitgeist of the time from the ideas of the innovators. The Bauhaus School went through three different phases in its early history influenced by the philosophical leanings of its directors. Gropius was followed as director by Hannes Meyer when the school moved to Dessau in 1928. Meyer more of a formal thinker re moved much of the aesthetic underpinnings of Gropius and became more concerned with the influence of science and its translation into a greater sense of function. This turned the pendulum toward the functional aspect of products and perhaps subverted the original aim of the school; however, the school in retrospect was to go through this cycle of thesis and antithesis between function and form throughout its history. Meyer was succeed by Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe who once again reasserted the importance of aesthetics over function.

Informactics Nurse Specialists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informactics Nurse Specialists - Essay Example Their scope of practice spreads from operational to strategic planning. They are the link between the nursing and information system departments (ANA, 2011). INSs collect data for patient care, access information needed for providing nursing services and implement policies to ensure confidentiality, privacy and security of data. An INS combines clinical expertise and informatics expertise for the efficient and successful interpretation and use of health information technologies (ANA, 2011). An INS is responsible for designing, implementing and training with regard to information systems within the nursing department. He is also responsible for the department’s informational needs and conducts orientation programs for new nurses, physicians and ancillary staff (ANA, 2011). He maintains policies and procedures about the hospital’s medical information system and updates the staff on design and use of the order entry, results reporting and new program functions (Saba & McCo rmick, 1996). The most significant benefit of hiring an INS in a health institution is the improved quality of patient care offered (Hannah, Ball & Edwards, 2006). In their duty, nurses’ decisions are founded on information available. INSs play a key role in organizing the information available to nurses for them to carry out their duties and monitor patients accurately (Hannah et al, 2006). Also, most hospitals do regular medical research. Hiring an INS improves research in health care institution’s. By the use of computer software, nurse researchers can manipulate data making it easy for nurses to diagnose problems and come up with the right decisions. This in turns helps to improve the quality of care given (Hannah et al, 2006). There is a considerable reduction in medical and diagnostic errors. Apart from better provision of care, having an INS helps health institutions manage departmental data, after which they are able to get and integrate information from differ ent departments and use it to make the working environment more ethical (Hannah et al, 2006). As much as it is beneficial to have an INS among the staff member, it also has financial implications on the health institution. The salary budget of the hospital will go up significantly as an INS earns a salary ranging from USD 69,000 to USD 98,000 (Hannah et al, 2006). There is also a high initial cost of implementing the system, then maintaining and upgrading it. Training the nursing team will also have a cost. However, even with increased expenditure on salaries, there is a long term reduction in operation costs for the institution (Hannah et al, 2006). There will be a reduced cost of managing information systems and the institutions information. Since the INS manages the information, there are enhanced work ethics that contribute to reduced costs related to diagnostic and medical errors. These errors often lead to costly legal actions against the hospital (Hannah et al, 2006). The rol e of the INS impacts positively on the relationship between nursing and other information system departments (ANA, 2001). Armed with both technical and clinical expertise, they are a vital link between the departments and assist in fostering alliances between them (Hein, 1998). They